Fig. 9.

Respiratory gas was captured every 2 min in 32-week-old hamsters for 2 days. Average values of light and dark phases are shown in the graph [open bar: light phase, closed bar: dark phase (n = 6 in each group)]. a Energy expenditure was similar for administration of high-dose liraglutide with/without 10% glucose; however, b RQ was significantly upregulated in the group with 10% glucose administration. c VO₂/BW in hamsters with heart failure treated with liraglutide with/without 10% glucose. Liraglutide administration emphasized RQ upregulation in hamsters with heart failure, indicating increased dependency on (d) carbohydrate as an energy substrate during liraglutide administration and thereby suggesting that glucose was efficiently metabolized as an energy source. e In contrast, fat oxidation reduced with addition of 10% glucose. RQ respiratory quotient, VO₂ oxygen consumption, CHO carbohydrate, FAT fat. *p > 0.05 vs. HF-H group