Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the investigated patients as per different cohorts (N = 886)
| Characteristics | Training set (n = 404) | Internal validation set (n = 318) | TCGA validation set (n = 82) | Chinese multicenter validation set (n = 82) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | |
| Age, years | ||||||||||||
| Median (IQR) | 54 (20–89) | 55 (20–89) | 61 (27–86) | 52 (20–85) | 55 (20–85) | 59 (34–74) | 50 (20–83) | 48 (20–83) | 59 (23–71) | 49 (19–79) | 48 (19–77) | 61 (49–79) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 146 | 128 (87.7%) | 18 (12.3%) | 133 | 125 (94.0%) | 8 (6.0%) | 28 | 26 (92.9%) | 2 (7.1%) | 38 | 34 (89.5%) | 4 (10.5%) |
| Female | 258 | 232 (89.9%) | 26 (10.1%) | 185 | 169 (91.4%) | 16 (8.6%) | 54 | 47 (87.0%) | 7 (13.0%) | 44 | 42 (95.5%) | 2 (4.5%) |
| Tumor location | ||||||||||||
| Left | 224 | 204 (91.1%) | 20 (8.9%) | 163 | 150 (92.0%) | 13 (8.0%) | 43 | 37 (86.0%) | 6 (14.0%) | 56 | 53 (94.6%) | 3 (5.4%) |
| Right | 180 | 156 (86.7%) | 24 (13.3%) | 155 | 144 (92.9%) | 11 (7.1%) | 39 | 36 (92.3%) | 3 (7.7%) | 26 | 23 (88.5%) | 3 (11.5%) |
| Tumor size, cm | ||||||||||||
| Median (IQR) | 11.0 (1.2–80.0) | 10.7 (1.2–80.0) | 11.8 (2.6–21.0) | 11.0 (1.2–34.0) | 11.0 (1.2–34.0) | 12.3 (1.7–22.5) | – | – | – | 9.1 (0.8–17.8) | 9.5 (0.8–17.8) | 6.5 (4.5–11.1) |
| 7th AJCC T stage | ||||||||||||
| T1 | 26 | 26 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 16 | 16 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 | 6 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| T2 | 194 | 192 (99.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 190 | 189 (99.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 45 | 43 (95.6%) | 2 (4.4%) | 38 | 38 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| T3 | 109 | 90 (82.6%) | 19 (17.4%) | 58 | 49 (84.5%) | 9 (15.5%) | 11 | 10 (90.9%) | 1 (9.1%) | 20 | 19 (95.0%) | 1(5.0%) |
| T4 | 75 | 52 (69.3%) | 23 (30.7%) | 54 | 40 (74.1%) | 14 (25.9%) | 19 | 13 (68.4%) | 6 (31.6%) | 18 | 13 (72.2%) | 5 (17.8%) |
| 7th AJCC N stage | ||||||||||||
| N0 | 371 | 351 (94.6%) | 20 (5.4%) | 290 | 286 (98.6%) | 4 (1.4%) | 73 | 71 (97.3%) | 2 (2.7%) | 74 | 72 (97.3%) | 2 (2.7%) |
| N1 | 33 | 9 (27.3%) | 24 (72.7%) | 28 | 8 (28.6%) | 20 (71.4%) | 9 | 2 (22.2%) | 7 (77.8%) | 8 | 4 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) |
| 7th AJCC M stage | ||||||||||||
| M0 | 328 | 319 (97.3%) | 9 (2.7%) | 287 | 277 (96.5%) | 10 (3.6%) | 66 | 66 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 68 | 68 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| M1 | 76 | 41 (53.9%) | 35 (46.1%) | 31 | 17 (54.8%) | 14 (45.2%) | 16 | 7 (43.8%) | 9 (56.2%) | 14 | 8 (57.1%) | 6 (42.9%) |
| 7th AJCC stage group | ||||||||||||
| I | 24 | 24 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 | 15 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 | 5 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| II | 173 | 173 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 176 | 176 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 41 | 41 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 31 | 31 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| III | 83 | 83 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 52 | 52 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 11 | 11 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 22 | 22 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| IV | 124 | 80 (64.5%) | 44 (35.5%) | 75 | 51 (68.0%) | 24 (32.0%) | 23 | 14 (60.9%) | 9 (39.1%) | 24 | 18 (75.0%) | 6 (25.0%) |
| ENSAT stage group | ||||||||||||
| I | 24 | 24 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 | 15 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 | 5 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| II | 173 | 173 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 176 | 176 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 41 | 41 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 31 | 31 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| III | 131 | 122 (93.1%) | 9 (6.9%) | 96 | 86 (89.6%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| IV | 76 | 41 (53.9%) | 35 (46.1%) | 31 | 15 (48.4%) | 16 (51.6%) | 34 | 25 (73.5%) | 9 (26.5%) | 46 | 40 (87.0%) | 6 (23.0%) |
Data are n or n (%) unless indicated otherwise. The ENSAT staging system was consistent with the 8th AJCC staging system
IQR interquartile range, TCGA the Cancer Genome Atlas, AJCC the American Joint Committee on Cancer, ENSAT European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors