Table 5.
Walking speed | Handgrip strength | PA of at least moderate intensity | Total upright posture | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | R | N | R | N | R | N | R | ||
Age | 75 years | 430 | 0.63*** | 427 | 0.85*** | 225 | 0.41*** | 242 | 0.40*** |
80 years | 288 | 0.65*** | 285 | 0.85*** | 135 | 0.43*** | 153 | 0.15 | |
85 years | 174 | 0.74*** | 176 | 0.86*** | 75 | 0.36** | 84 | 0.29** | |
Sex | Male | 385 | 0.68*** | 379 | 0.73*** | 176 | 0.31*** | 195 | 0.27*** |
Female | 507 | 0.69*** | 509 | 0.68*** | 259 | 0.50*** | 284 | 0.32*** | |
MMSE score | 25–30 | 786 | 0.68*** | 785 | 0.86*** | 385 | 0.40*** | 428 | 0.29*** |
≤24 | 103 | 0.73*** | 100 | 0.79*** | 49 | 0.52*** | 50 | 0.35* | |
ADL limitation | No | 780 | 0.65*** | 776 | 0.85*** | 390 | 0.40*** | 430 | 0.29*** |
Yes | 97 | 0.81*** | 99 | 0.86*** | 44 | 0.56*** | 47 | 0.37** | |
Mobility device | No | 699 | 0.62*** | 702 | 0.84*** | 352 | 0.37*** | 383 | 0.31*** |
Yes | 186 | 0.71*** | 184 | 0.87*** | 80 | 0.45*** | 93 | 0.25* | |
Neighborhood mobility | Daily | 554 | 0.62*** | 552 | 0.85*** | 269 | 0.32*** | 293 | 0.16* |
Less frequent | 336 | 0.74*** | 335 | 0.86*** | 166 | 0.45*** | 185 | 0.44*** | |
CESD score | 0–15 | 745 | 0.67*** | 741 | 0.85*** | 375 | 0.42*** | 410 | 0.30*** |
≥16 | 134 | 0.74*** | 136 | 0.89*** | 56 | 0.49*** | 63 | 0.25* | |
Season | Winter | 200 | 0.63*** | 197 | 0.84*** | 103 | 0.46*** | 115 | 0.30** |
Spring | 192 | 0.65*** | 189 | 0.85*** | 76 | 0.36** | 90 | 0.28** | |
Summer | 192 | 0.78*** | 191 | 0.89*** | 89 | 0.53*** | 96 | 0.41*** | |
Autumn | 308 | 0.68*** | 311 | 0.85*** | 174 | 0.34*** | 179 | 0.24** |
MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, ADL Activities of Daily Living, and CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001