Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (n = 10) | Moderate Preeclampsia (n = 3) | Severe Preeclampsia (n = 5) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 33 (59) | 30 (5) | 35 (4) |
| Norwegian or other Nordic ethnicity, n (%) | 10 (100) | 3 (100) | 5 (100) |
| Educational level, n (%) | |||
| Lower than high school | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| High school | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| College or university | 7 (70) | 3 (100) | 3 (80) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Married | 4 (40) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Cohabiting | 6 (60) | 3 (100) | 3 (60) |
| Single | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Occupational status, n (%) | |||
| Employed | 4 (40) | 1 (33) | 5 (100) |
| Employed, maternity leave | 4 (40) | 2 (67) | 0 (0) |
| Unemployed | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Place of residence, n (%) | |||
| Urban | 4 (40) | 1 (33) | 1 (20) |
| Rural | 6 (60) | 2 (67) | 4 (80) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 29 (5) | 24(2) | 26 (3) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Index pregnancy characteristics | |||
| Nulliparous, (%) | 5 (50) | 2 (67) | 4 (80) |
| Gestation length (weeks), mean (SD) | 38 (3) | 38 (2) | 34 (3) |
| Breastfeeding history, n (%) | |||
| Full | 5 (50) | 3 (100) | 3 (60) |
| Partial | 4 (40) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| No | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Delivery mode, n (%) | |||
| Vaginal | 6 (60) | 2 (67) | 0 (0) |
| Elective C-section | 2 (20) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) |
| Acute C-section | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 5 (100) |
BMI Body mass index, SD standard deviation