Table 4.
Forty-two studies published in English from year 2000 utilizing growth hormone in IVF programs.
| References Spec feature | Type of study | GH v Con'l | GH dose | GH dur'n | Oocyte utilis'n | Embryo utilis'n | Pregnancy | Live births |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salle et al. (35) Hypopituitarism |
X-over | 1 v 1 | 1 IU d | 3 m | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Sugaya et al. (36) PORs |
X-over | 9 v 9 | 4 IU d | 4 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Harper et al. (37) Cochrane |
Syst Rev + M-analysis | 154 v 150 | 4–8 IU daily | 1–2 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ OR 1.8 | ↑ OR 4.4* |
| Tesarik et al. (32) women >40 y |
RCT | 50 v 50 | 8 IU d | 1 w | ns | ns | ↑P < 0.05 | ↑P < 0.05 |
| Menezo et al. (38) GH in vitro |
Single case GV oocytes | GH to IVM | 1.6 IU | stat | 13/14 to MII | 9/13 2PNs | 1 B/C to FET | Healthy baby |
| Kyrou et al. (39) | Syst Rev + M-analysis | 42 v 40 | 12–28 IU alt d | 2–3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ OR nr | ↑ OR 5.2 |
| Guan et al. (40) GH + aspirin |
RCT | 20 v 20 | nr | nr | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Kucuk et al. (41) | RCT | 31 v 30 | 12 d | 3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Giampietro et al. (42) GHD cases |
Observ | 4 cases | 3–6 IU w | 6–12 m | Spont | Spont | Spont X4 | Spont X4 |
| Hazout et al. (43) PORs |
Observ | 245 v 2780 | 8 IU d | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | OR 1.5 P < 0.01 | nr |
| Kolibianakis et al. (44) | Syst Rev + M-analysis | 83 v 80 | 4–24 IU alt d | 1–3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ OR 2.8 | ↑ OR 3.2 |
| Yovich and Stanger (4) Poor prognosis |
Prospec X-over | 221 v 241 | 3–3.5 IU d | 3 w or6 w | ns | ns | ↑P < 0.001 | ↑P < 0.001 |
| Duffy et al. (45) Cochrane | Syst Rev + M-analysis | 148 v 131 | 4-8 IU d 24 alt d | 1-3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ OR 3.3 | ↑ OR 5.4 |
| Eftekhar et al. (46) | RCT | 40 v 42 | 4 IU d | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Haydardedeoglu et al. (47) | Retrospec | 37 v 44 | 1.5–3 IU d | 3 w | ns | ns | ↑p < 0.001 | ↑p < 0.002 |
| Hu et al. (48) PORs | Retrospec | 102 v 287 | 4 IU | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Lattes et al. (49) PORs |
X-over | 64 v 64 | 0.5 IU d | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Dunne et al. (50) Luteal phase GH |
Retrospec | 14 v 28 | 10 IU d | 2 w Pre IVF | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Yu et al. (51) | Syst Rev + M-analysis | 613 v 3,175 | 2–9 IU d average | 1–3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Bayoumi et al. (52) Microflare stiml'n |
RCT | 72 v 73 | 8 IU d | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | nr | nr |
| Bassiouny et al. (53) | RCT | 68 v 73 | 8 IU d | 1 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Wang et al. (54) FET cycles HRT |
RCT (not strict) | 77 v 77 v 76 | 4 IU d | 2 w | ↑ endometrial thickness | ↑P < 0.03 | ↑P < 0.03 | |
| Du et al. (55) NORs |
Retrospec | 556 v 558 | 4.5 d | 1 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ OR 3.2 | nr |
| Drakopolous et al. (56) Hypopituitarism |
X-over | 1 × 1 | 1 IU d | 6 w | oocytes ↑ end thickness | ↑ Twin preg | ↑ 38 w | |
| Ob'edkova et al. (57) PORs |
Prospec observ | 25 v 25 | 4 IU d | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ OR 9.1 | nr |
| Ho et al. (58) 3 arms: Age ≥40 y, RIF, PORs |
Retrospec Matched controls | 98/36 118/118 33/33 | 3 IU d 2 IU d 2 IU d | 2 w 2 w 2 w | Ns ↑ ↑ | Ns ↑ ↑ | ns p < 0.01 ↑p < 0.01 | nr nr nr |
| Keane et al. (6) poor prognosis |
Retrospec | 161 v 239 | 1–1.5 IU/d | 6 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ RR 3.4 | ↑RR 6.2 |
| Li et al. (59) | Syst Rev + M-analysis | 320 v 343 | 1–12 IU d | 1–3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ RR 1.8 | ↑RR 1.9 |
| Altmae et al. (60) RIF donor oocyte |
RCT | 35, 35 v 35 | nr | 2 w | ↑ endometrial thickness | ↑ OR 6.9 | ↑ OR 6.4 | |
| Hart et al. (61) | M-analysis | 351 v 352 | M-analysis | 1-2 w | ↑ OR 1.9 | ↑ OR 1.5 | ↑ OR 1.5 | ns |
| Cai et al. (62) PORs |
Retrospec X-over | 41/380 v 41/380 | 2 IU | 6 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ↑p < 0.003 |
| Dakhly et al. (63) PORs |
RCT | 120 v 120 | 8 IU d | 3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Chen et al. (64) RIF cases |
Observ | 22 v 20 | 2 IU d | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑p < 0.05 | ↑p < 0.05 |
| Chu et al. (65) Mild stiml'n |
Retrospec | 61 v 71 | 2 IU d | 2 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Choe et al. (66) Sust. Release GH |
RCT | 64 v 63 | S-R GH ~3 IU d | 4 w | ↑ | ↑ | ns | ns |
| Regan et al. (67) GC study |
Retrospec | 13 v 10 | 2.5–3 IU d | 3 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ns |
| Safdarian et al. (68) PORs |
Retrospec | 34, 32 v 26 | 0.5 IU −2.5 d | 5d & 20 d | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ns |
| Cui et al. (69) Thin endometrium |
RCT (?) FET cycles | 40 v 53 | ? | 2 w | ↑ endometrial thickness | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Norman et al. (70) - recruited 130 of intended 390 |
Double blind RCT | 65 v 65 | 12 IU d | 2 w | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Keane et al. (34) FETs |
Retrospec | 109 v201 | 1–3 IU d | 3–6 w | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ OR 1.8 | ↑ OR 2.7 |
| Albu et al. (71) AGHD case |
X-over | 1 v 1 | 1 IU d | 3 m | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Liu et al. (72) NORs |
Retrospec Matched | 781 v 781 | 2 IU d 4 IU d | 2 w6 w | ns | ns | ↑ | nr |
*
Harper et al. (37); 6 studies, OR highest when Howles 1999 GHRF study removed (OR 2.4–4.4). RCT, randomized controlled study; ns, not significant; nr, not reported; spont, spontaneous; Prospec, prospective; retrospec, retrospective; utilis'n, utilization; cont, control; trig, trigger; Observ, observational study; d, day; w, week; m, month; y, year; GC, granulosa cell; FET, frozen embryo transfer; RIF, recurrent implantation failure; NOR, normal ovarian responder.