Table 1.
Clinically significant medication-related risks that were assessed as outcomes in this study
| Outcome | Aspects assessed |
|---|---|
| Number of all medications | The total number of regular and pro re nata (when required) medications that have been prescribed (i.e. prescribed medication that is scheduled), over-the-counter and herbal products are not included |
| Use of harmful medications | Included Beers Criteria medications [23], psychotropic medications and anticholinergic medications according to Puustinen et al. 2012 [26]. |
| Use of Beers Criteria [23] medications | Potentially inappropriate medicines for older adults according to Beers Criteria [23]. |
| Use of CNS medications | Opioids (ATC code N01AH, N02A, N02BE51, R05DA, R05FA); anticholinergic drugs according to Puustinen et al. 2012 [26], antiepileptics (ATC code N03A); BZDs and related drugs (ATC codes N05BA, N05CD, N03AE01, N05CF, A03CA, C01DA70, M05AA51, N06CA01, N02BA71); antidepressants (ATC codes N06A, N06CA); antipsychotics (ATC codes N05A, N06CA01). |
|
Use of Psychotropic medications Proportion of study participants using > 3 psychotropic medications, n (%) |
BZDs and related drugs (ATC codes N05BA, N05CD, N03AE01, N05CF, A03CA, C01DA70, M05AA51, N06CA01, N02BA71); antidepressants (ATC codes N06A, N06CA); antipsychotics (ATC codes N05A, N06CA01) [26] |
| Proportion of study participants using > 2 serotonergic medications, n (%) | Serotonergic medications according to Salko database [27]. |
| Proportion of study participants using anticholinergic medications, n (%) | Anticholinergic medicines according to Puustinen et al. 2012 [26]. |
| Proportion of study participants using antipsychotics, n (%) | ATC codes N05A, N06CA01 |
| BZD users, n (%) | BZDs and related drugs (ATC codes N05BA, N05CD, N03AE01, N05CF, A03CA, C01DA70, M05AA51, N06CA01, N02BA71) [26] |
| Opioid users, n (%) | ATC codes N01AH, N02A, N02BE51, R05DA, R05FA |
| PPI user, n (%) | ATC A02BC |
| Prevalence of clinically significant drug-drug interactions (SFINX class D) [24] | Interactions that should be avoided or used with caution [24]. |
CNS central nervous system, ATC The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system, WHO 2018 [28], BZD benzodiazepine, PPI proton-pump inhibitor