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The influence of additional barrier layer (200 nm Cu) on hydrogen electrode potential measured by Kelvin probe at Pd-coated exit side. Left: with and without Cu layer between annealed (A) steel and Pd coating; Right: with and without Cu layer between cold-rolled (CR) steel and Pd coating. All samples with same thickness (1.35 mm) are loaded with hydrogen under same conditions at the entry cell (0.1 M H2SO4 + 0.2 mM thiourea, galvanostat: −1.2 mA/cm2).
