Figure 1.

(A) A schematic illustration of the experimental protocols. Massive photoreceptor degeneration was induced by an intraperitoneal administration of MNU. AST nanodispersions were administered orally through a soft feeding tube for eight times during the therapeutic process. (B) Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60, and Polysorbate 80 were used as emulsifiers to produce AST nanodispersions. These emulsifiers exhibited considerably different characteristics during homogenization. The mean particle diameters of the produced nanodispersions ranged between 70 and 160 nm, depending on the used emulsifier types. AST nanodispersions with the smallest particle diameters were produced with Polysorbate 20.