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. 2019 Nov 21;26(1):1222–1234. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1682718

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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — (A) Spontaneous firing spikes of RGCs were detected by MEA system. (B) The spontaneous firing rate in the MNU was significantly higher compared with the normal controls. The spontaneous firing rate in the MNU + AST group was significantly lower compared with the MNU group. (C) Six categories of RGCs were isolated according to their PSTHs. (D) The total firing rate decreased significantly in the MNU group than that in the normal controls. The total firing rate was significantly higher in the MNU + AST group than that in the MNU group. Moreover, the OFF pathway was more efficiently preserved than the ON pathway. (E) The mRNA levels of Caspase-3, Calpain-2, and Bax in the MNU + AST group were significantly down-regulated compared with the MNU group. The mRNA level of Bcl-2 in the MNU + AST group was significantly up-regulated than that in the MNU group. Moreover, the retinal levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were significantly lower in the MNU + AST group compared with the MNU + lutein group. The retinal levels of SOD and Mn-SOD were significantly higher in the MNU + AST group compared with the MNU + lutein group. (ANOVA analysis followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis was performed, *p < .05, ^#p < .01, for differences between groups; n = 10).