Table 1.

The 2⁴ full factorial design and the observed responses of FVS-loaded SNVs.

Formulation	Independent variables				Dependent variables				PDI
	A: Span type	B: EA type	C: EA concentration (% w/w)a	D: Sonication time (min)	Y1: EE%	Y2: Vesicle size (nm)	Y3: Q8h (%)	Y4: Q24 (µg/cm2)
S1	Span 60	Tween 80	10	0	65.70 ± 2.55	692.57 ± 17.03	67.23 ± 11.75	229.44 ± 20.45	0.45
S2	Span 60	Tween 80	20	0	80.07 ± 3.10	388.40 ± 18.86	73.36 ± 11.50	284.45 ± 15.32	0.34
S3	Span 60	Brij 35	10	0	61.13 ± 1.42	569.40 ± 17.62	70.88 ± 9.00	255.51 ± 19.50	0.48
S4	Span 60	Brij 35	20	0	78.70 ± 1.21	322.07 ± 19.33	77.23 ± 5.25	292.12 ± 21.03	0.50
S5	Span 80	Tween 80	10	0	57.65 ± 2.09	275.07 ± 18.06	79.23 ± 3.75	313.96 ± 22.50	0.37
S6	Span 80	Tween 80	20	0	77.13 ± 2.26	220.53 ± 21.34	87.25 ± 3.25	349.42 ± 21.10	0.27
S7	Span 80	Brij 35	10	0	54.40 ± 1.49	250.57 ± 16.87	83.24 ± 3.25	324.42 ± 25.50	0.34
S8	Span 80	Brij 35	20	0	73.13 ± 2.30	215.00 ± 20.00	90.92 ± 4.00	392.67 ± 23.02	0.34
S9	Span 60	Tween 80	10	5	43.17 ± 1.77	576.67 ± 21.73	69.52 ± 2.50	265.99 ± 24.32	0.49
S10	Span 60	Tween 80	20	5	58.40 ± 2.04	329.33 ± 24.01	73.80 ± 3.75	290.06 ± 20.45	0.38
S11	Span 60	Brij 35	10	5	42.53 ± 2.45	380.00 ± 21.79	71.24 ± 3.75	277.54 ± 22.52	0.37
S12	Span 60	Brij 35	20	5	50.17 ± 2.02	280.20 ± 17.79	80.45 ± 2.50	308.77 ± 21.21	0.32
S13	Span 80	Tween 80	10	5	40.50 ± 2.50	264.17 ± 11.77	81.47 ± 3.51	325.06 ± 25.02	0.46
S14	Span 80	Tween 80	20	5	46.77 ± 3.03	170.00 ± 10.00	88.89 ± 3.25	402.48 ± 25.50	0.33
S15	Span 80	Brij 35	10	5	34.27 ± 2.15	230.53 ± 10.45	84.43 ± 4.50	338.50 ± 21.50	0.45
S16	Span 80	Brij 35	20	5	43.33 ± 3.06	167.83 ± 11.73	92.08 ± 3.00	460.59 ± 20.01	0.35

EA: edge activator; EE%: entrapment efficiency percent; Q_8h: cumulative release after 8 h (%); Q₂₄: cumulative amount permeated/unit area in 24 h; PDI: polydispersity index.

Data are mean values (n = 3) ± SD.

^a(% w/w) of the EA with respect to Span/EA total weight.