TABLE 7.
Aflatoxin concentration in samples from commercial maize grain aggregated from biocontrol-treated and control fields by commercial enterprises in Nigeria during 2013–2018.
| Year | Treatment | Min (ppb) | Max (ppb) | Variance | Mean (ppb)x | Reduction (%)y |
| 2013 | Treated | 0.0 | 70 | 11 | 0.5 | – |
| Control | –z | – | – | – | ||
| 2014 | Treated | 0.0 | 141 | 108 | 1.7b | 72 |
| Control | 0.0 | 103 | 233 | 6.1a | ||
| 2015 | Treated | 0.0 | 134 | 106 | 2.4b | 76 |
| Control | 0.1 | 147 | 711 | 9.7a | ||
| 2016 | Treated | 0.0 | 1,094 | 6,347 | 16.9 | – |
| Control | – | – | – | – | ||
| 2017 | Treated | 0.0 | 870 | 473 | 3.6b | 88 |
| Control | 0.0 | 1,971 | 17,995 | 29.6a | ||
| 2018 | Treated | 0.0 | 174 | 144 | 3.3b | 94 |
| Control | 0.0 | 738 | 11,348 | 55.3a |
xThe mean of aflatoxin concentration in sampled grains from treated (660 in 2013; 213 in 2014; 292 in 2015; 1,314 in 2016; 2,451 in 2017; and 2,751 in 2018); and untreated maize samples (99 in 2014, 109 in 2015, 257 in 2017, and 240 in 2018). The means of treated and control pairs for any year within each column with different letters are significantly different according to the Student’s t-test (α = 0.05). yAflatoxin reduction (%) = [1 – (aflatoxin in treated sample)/(aflatoxin in control sample)] × 100. zNot tested.