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. 2019 Nov 11;140(22):1805–1816. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041595

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© 2019 The Authors.

Circulation is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 6. — Coronary flow reserve (CFR) measurement in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD). Low CFR can arise via 2 distinct microvascular dysfunction endotypes, classified using hyperemic microvascular resistance. Functional and structural microvascular dysfunction (MVD) endotypes have differing degrees of systemic disease involvement, however both display reduced coronary perfusion efficiency during stress and higher rates of global myocardial ischemia compared with controls with normal CFR.