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. 2019 Sep 18;4(5):e782. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000782

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Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The International Association for the Study of Pain.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 2. — Adrenal medullectomy attenuates the prolongation of eccentric exercise-induced muscle hyperalgesia by sound stress. (A) Timing of the experimental protocol used to study muscle nociceptive threshold after surgical excision of the adrenal medulla (ADMdX) or sham procedure in control rats. Five weeks after surgery, after assessment of baseline nociceptive threshold measured in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle (time point −1), rats were submitted to unpredictable sound stress on days 1, 3, and 4. One day after the last SS session, nociceptive threshold was assessed (time point 0) and thereafter rats were submitted to eccentric exercise and the nociceptive threshold measured up to day 20 after eccentric exercise. (B) Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects for treatment (F_2,15 = 48.35, P < 0.001), time (F_8,120 = 423.95, P < 0.001), and treatment by time interaction (F_16,120 = 27.96, P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between control (sham) rats + sound stress (SS) and ADMdX + SS rats, from day 1 (P < 0.05) to day 20 (P < 0.001) after eccentric exercise. Of note, nociceptive responses of ADMdX rats are similar to those displayed by naive (control) rats (Fig. 1B), suggesting that excision of the adrenal medulla does not modify, by itself, the nociceptive responses to eccentric exercise. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 (Sham + SS vs ADMdX); #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 (Sham + SS vs ADMdX + SS). ANOVA, analysis of variance.