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US population composition, 1840–1920 (in percentages of total population)
| Year | Population (millions) | Black (%) | Foreign parentage (%) | Foreign born (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 17.1 | 16.8 | n.d. | n.d. |
| 1850 | 23.2 | 15.7 | n.d. | 12.9 |
| 1860 | 31.4 | 14.1 | n.d. | 17.9 |
| 1870 | 39.8 | 13.5 | 19.0 | 19.6 |
| 1880 | 50.2 | 13.1 | 22.5 | 17.8 |
| 1890 | 62.9 | 11.9 | 25.0 | 19.9 |
| 1900 | 76.0 | 11.6 | 27.6 | 18.1 |
| 1910 | 92.0 | 10.7 | 27.8 | 18.0 |
| 1920 | 105.7 | 9.9 | 28.0 | 16.9 |
Source: Ward (1990)
n.d. no data
