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. 2019 Nov 28;9:17740. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54215-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neuromorphic system and STDP-based SNN. (a) Schematic image and (b) circuit model of a post neuron with three synapses. Pre_a (a = 1, 2, and 3) and post are pre- and post-spikes, and w_b (b = 1, 2, and 3) is the synaptic weight of the synapse. (c) Schematic images of pre- and post-spikes and (d) a typical STDP curve. Δt is spike timing. (e) Model of the artificial synapse implemented by using the FTJ and time evolutions of pre- (blue), post- (red) spikes, and superimposed spikes (green). V_peak is the peak amplitude of the spike, V_s is the peak amplitude of the superimposed spikes, and V_th is the threshold voltage of resistive switching in the FTJ device.