Fig. 3.

SerRS binds telomeres by direct interaction with telomeric DNA. a SerRS (green) and telomeres (red) in HeLa VST cells were visualized by immunofluorescent staining and FISH, respectively. Scale bars represent 5 μm. b Quantification of the data shown in a to show the percentage of SerRS-associated telomeric foci per cell. Data are represented as the means ± SEM (n = 20). ***P < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test. c, d Flag-tagged SerRS (Flag-SerRS) or Flag-tagged TRF1 (positive control) was ectopically expressed in HeLa 1.2.11 cells c. SerRS and TRF1-associated telomeric DNA fragments were immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibody or control IgG and analyzed by dot-blots with DIG-labeled (CCCTAA)₆ probes (d, upper panel). The dot signals were quantified (d, lower panel). e EMSA to determine the direct binding between SerRS and telomeric DNA