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. 2019 Nov 28;9:16916. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53199-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Placental gene and protein expression in young versus aged dams. Expression of growth regulatory (A), nutrient transporter (B), placental lactogen (C) and glucocorticoid metabolism (D) genes in placentas from female and male fetuses. Western blot images of IGF2, VEGF and 11-βHSD2 (E) abundance in female and male placentas with quantification of proteins adjusted for Ponceau S staining (F–H, respectively). For gene expression analyses, data are from 10–12 placentas from 5 litters per group and for protein abundance, data are from 4–5 placentas each from different litter. All data are presented as mean + SEM values. Significant difference between young and aged dams were determined by unpaired student t test, *p < 0.05.