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. 2019 Nov 28;10:5422. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13233-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Site-based changes in pollen type richness at a standardized sample size of 500 identifications. a Scatter plots of pollen type richness versus latitude for selected time slices. b Median richness over all sites per region, colour coding as in Fig. 1. c Slope of the regression between pollen type richness and latitude of the site = black line; NGRIP Oxygen isotope record²⁸ resampled to the same resolution = light-blue broken line; area of partially open forests and grasslands in Europe taken from ref. ¹⁰ as a measure of landscape openness = brown broken line.