Table 4.
Contextual variables: variables in the main models in bold, variables used for robustness check in plain text
| Region/country | Gender equality | Family policy | National income in 10,000s | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Gender Gap Index | 1-Gender Inequality Index | 1-Gender Inequality Index with labour force component removed | Weeks of fully paid parental leave | Paid leave reserved for fathers? | Any leave reserved for fathers? | Weeks of paid maternity leave | Weeks of paid paternity leave | Index of preschool affordability | Weeks of vacation or sick leave | GNI per capita 2012 | GNI per capita PPP 2012 | |
| Western Europe | ||||||||||||
| Austria | 0.727 | 0.898 | 0.847 | 31.1 | No | No | 16.0 | 0.0 | 65.4 | 10.0 | 4.835 | 4.322 |
| Belgium | 0.781 | 0.932 | 0.922 | 12.8 | Yes | Yes | 11.7 | 1.7 | 78.5 | 9.3 | 4.708 | 4.332 |
| France | 0.759 | 0.917 | 0.873 | 13.6 | Yes | Yes | 16.0 | 2.2 | 76.6 | 24.5 | 4.093 | 3.646 |
| Germany | 0.778 | 0.925 | 0.889 | 34.8 | No | No | 14.0 | 0.0 | 66.6 | 29.7 | 4.393 | 4.137 |
| Ireland | 0.785 | 0.879 | 0.819 | 0.0 | No | Yes | 20.8 | 0.0 | 52.5 | 6.9 | 4.839 | 3.511 |
| Netherlands | 0.773 | 0.943 | 0.944 | 0.0 | No | Yes | 14.0 | 0.4 | 70.7 | 20.2 | 5.250 | 4.767 |
| Switzerland | 0.780 | 0.943 | 0.916 | 0.0 | No | No | 11.2 | 0.0 | 70.4 | 5.0 | 8.330 | 5.487 |
| Northern Europe | ||||||||||||
| Finland | 0.845 | 0.925 | 0.883 | 21.8 | No | No | 12.6 | 6.5 | 84.2 | 24.0 | 4.724 | 3.821 |
| Iceland | 0.859 | 0.911 | 0.857 | 5.6 | No | No | 10.4 | 14.4 | 82.6 | 36.0 | 4.422 | 3.355 |
| Norway | 0.837 | 0.935 | 0.898 | 49.0 | Yes | Yes | 36.0 | 1.4 | 92.4 | 28.1 | 9.964 | 6.403 |
| Sweden | 0.817 | 0.945 | 0.916 | 56.0 | Yes | Yes | 11.2 | 1.6 | 86.7 | 16.9 | 5.713 | 4.316 |
| Australia | 0.741 | 0.885 | 0.824 | 7.3 | No | No | 0.0 | 1.1 | 60.6 | 2.5 | 6.751 | 4.317 |
| North America | ||||||||||||
| Canada | 0.746 | 0.881 | 0.812 | 19.3 | No | No | 8.3 | 0.0 | 51.9 | 6.0 | 5.102 | 4.154 |
| USA | 0.746 | 0.744 | 0.613 | 0.0 | No | Yes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 63.0 | 0.0 | 5.150 | 5.061 |
| Southern Europe | ||||||||||||
| Croatia | 0.708 | 0.821 | 0.730 | 0.0 | No | No | 34.0 | 1.4 | 65.0 | 15.2 | 1.324 | 1.976 |
| Portugal | 0.724 | 0.884 | 0.797 | 20.4 | Yes | Yes | 17.0 | 4.0 | 53.0 | 10.5 | 2.115 | 2.645 |
| Slovenia | 0.744 | 0.920 | 0.877 | 33.3 | No | No | 15.0 | 5.3 | 52.5 | 12.2 | 2.249 | 2.647 |
| Spain | 0.733 | 0.897 | 0.849 | 0.0 | No | Yes | 16.0 | 3.0 | 60.6 | 22.5 | 2.899 | 3.178 |
| Eastern Europe | ||||||||||||
| Czech Republic | 0.674 | 0.878 | 0.823 | 109.2 | No | No | 19.6 | 0.0 | 66.5 | 28.0 | 1.967 | 2.455 |
| Hungary | 0.676 | 0.753 | 0.666 | 93.6 | No | No | 16.8 | 1.0 | 54.2 | 17.6 | 1.286 | 2.199 |
| Latvia | 0.769 | 0.784 | 0.670 | 109.2 | Yes | Yes | 12.8 | 1.6 | 60.0 | 8.4 | 1.395 | 2.102 |
| Lithuania | 0.721 | 0.843 | 0.753 | 73.0 | No | No | 18.0 | 6.0 | 77.6 | 4.8 | 1.417 | 2.276 |
| Poland | 0.705 | 0.860 | 0.793 | 52.0 | No | No | 26.0 | 2.8 | 56.5 | 13.2 | 1.288 | 2.092 |
| Russia | 0.693 | 0.688 | 0.540 | 29.6 | No | No | 20.0 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 6.4 | 1.409 | 2.276 |
| Slovak Republic | 0.681 | 0.829 | 0.744 | 45.8 | No | No | 22.1 | 0.0 | 59.0 | 8.0 | 1.715 | 2.437 |
| South Africa | 0.753 | 0.537 | 0.371 | 0.0 | No | No | 10.2 | 0.6 | 36.9 | 11.4 | 0.759 | 1.119 |
| Asia | ||||||||||||
| India | 0.646 | 0.390 | 0.264 | 0.0 | No | No | 12.0 | 0.0 | 19.5 | 6.4 | 0.149 | 0.384 |
| Israel | 0.701 | 0.856 | 0.774 | 0.0 | No | Yes | 14.0 | 0.0 | 58.8 | 3.6 | 3.252 | 2.807 |
| Japan | 0.658 | 0.869 | 0.814 | 52.0 | Yes | Yes | 9.3 | 0.0 | 57.2 | 5.2 | 4.668 | 3.632 |
| Philippines | 0.781 | 0.582 | 0.432 | 0.0 | No | No | 9.0 | 1.4 | 24.8 | 3.0 | 0.259 | 0.440 |
| South Korea | 0.640 | 0.847 | 0.781 | 20.8 | No | No | 13.0 | 0.0 | 64.0 | 5.0 | 2.464 | 3.089 |
| Central/South America | ||||||||||||
| Argentina | 0.732 | 0.620 | 0.480 | 0.0 | No | No | 13.0 | 0.4 | 39.4 | 5.0 | 1.468 | |
| Chile | 0.698 | 0.640 | 0.501 | 12.0 | No | No | 18.0 | 1.0 | 62.1 | 6.0 | 1.525 | 2.159 |
| Mexico | 0.690 | 0.618 | 0.492 | 0.0 | No | No | 12.0 | 0.0 | 36.3 | 2.8 | 0.982 | 1.663 |
| Venezuela | 0.685 | 0.534 | 0.371 | 0.0 | No | No | 26.0 | 2.0 | 68.0 | 4.0 | 1.273 | 1.312 |