Table 1.
Effects of single or combined treatment with ipragliflozin and pioglitazone in type 2 diabetic mice with NASH
| Parameter | Normal | Vehicle | Ipragliflozin | Pioglitazone | Ipragliflozin + | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | ||||||||||
| 0.1 mg/kg | 0.3 mg/kg | 1 mg/kg | 3 mg/kg | 3 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg | 30 mg/kg | 1 mg/kg + | |||
| 10 mg/kg | ||||||||||
| Body weight (g) | 26.4 ± 0.3 | 52.7 ± 0.7* | 51.2 ± 0.8 | 50.6 ± 0.8 | 48.2 ± 0.7# | 47.1 ± 0.5# | 53.2 ± 0.7 | 56.0 ± 0.9# | 57.7 ± 1.2# | 51.3 ± 0.7$ |
| Food intake (g/day) | 2.83 ± 0.09 | 5.18 ± 0.13* | 4.93 ± 0.19 | 5.05 ± 0.14 | 5.11 ± 0.08 | 5.10 ± 0.08 | 4.89 ± 0.10 | 4.99 ± 0.11 | 5.02 ± 0.15 | 5.17 ± 0.07 |
| Total visceral fat weight (g) | 0.60 ± 0.03 | 4.09 ± 0.20* | 4.16 ± 0.17 | 3.61 ± 0.14 | 3.07 ± 0.15# | 2.57 ± 0.17# | 4.00 ± 0.12 | 4.56 ± 0.18 | 5.15 ± 0.13# | 3.02 ± 0.15#$ |
| HbA1c (%) | 2.95 ± 0.10 | 10.48 ± 0.51* | 9.50 ± 0.35 | 8.48 ± 0.44# | 7.58 ± 0.26# | 6.80 ± 0.23# | 10.40 ± 0.27 | 8.65 ± 0.47# | 7.97 ± 0.36# | 6.80 ± 0.36#$ |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 157 ± 4 | 543 ± 14* | 481 ± 37 | 372 ± 34# | 265 ± 21# | 202 ± 7# | 473 ± 33 | 355 ± 49# | 270 ± 26# | 199 ± 11#$ |
| Plasma insulin (ng/mL) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 39.1 ± 3.6* | 35.2 ± 2.7 | 26.1 ± 2.6# | 21.8 ± 1.9# | 14.6 ± 1.1# | 31.0 ± 2.2 | 25.3 ± 2.6# | 19.6 ± 4.5# | 15.5 ± 1.1#$ |
| Plasma triglycerides (mg/dL) | 136 ± 14 | 564 ± 61* | 528 ± 33 | 483 ± 35 | 392 ± 46# | 320 ± 38# | 494 ± 22 | 358 ± 42# | 286 ± 27# | 193 ± 23#$ |
| Plasma NEFAs (mEq/L) | 1.01 ± 0.06 | 3.54 ± 0.12* | 3.42 ± 0.26 | 3.09 ± 0.34 | 2.54 ± 0.08# | 2.02 ± 0.17# | 3.15 ± 0.35 | 2.53 ± 0.18# | 1.72 ± 0.16# | 1.86 ± 0.09#$ |
| Plasma cholesterol (mg/dL) | 80 ± 13 | 286 ± 15* | 242 ± 14 | 211 ± 20# | 155 ± 7# | 121 ± 8# | 279 ± 11 | 210 ± 11# | 159 ± 16# | 127 ± 15#$ |
| Urine volume (mL/day) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 15.9 ± 0.8* | 16.0 ± 1.8 | 17.6 ± 1.5 | 20.6 ± 1.3 | 21.9 ± 1.2# | 6.0 ± 0.8# | 3.0 ± 0.7# | 2.1 ± 1.1# | 11.1 ± 1.2#$ |
| Urinary glucose excretion (mg/day) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1,200 ± 190* | 1,350 ± 60 | 2,130 ± 120# | 2,560 ± 230# | 3,630 ± 110# | 929 ± 86 | 558 ± 113# | 371 ± 145# | 1990 ± 210#$ |
NEFAs: non‐esterified fatty acids. Ipragliflozin and/or pioglitazone was orally administered to diabetic mice with NASH for 4 weeks. Values indicate mean ± SEM for six animals per group.
*
p < .05 versus normal group.
#
p < .05 versus vehicle group.
$
p < .05 versus pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) group.