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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Aug 8;106(6):1211–1219. doi: 10.1002/JLB.4HI0319-109R

Figure 6. Apyrase recovers PMN chemotaxis in the presence of LPS.

Figure 6.

(A) Healthy human PMNs were treated with LPS (1 ng/ml) and apyrase (0.1 mU/ml), loaded into wells in an agarose gel, and incubated at 37°C for 3 h. Migration was determined by measuring the distance that the cell front traveled toward the wells containing fMLF. Representative images of independent experiments (n=3) are shown (scale bar: 1 mm). (B) PMNs were treated with the indicated concentrations of LPS and chemotaxis was analyzed as described in (A). Data are means ± SD of 3 independent experiments; *p<0.05 vs. no LPS (one-way ANOVA). (C) PMNs were treated with LPS (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of apyrase or heat-inactivated apyrase and chemotaxis was analyzed as described in (A). Data shown are means ± SD of 12–16 experiments performed with cells from 4 different donors. The distance control cells migrated in the absence of LPS ranged from 1307 to 2003 μm; *p < 0.05 vs. LPS without apyrase (Kruskal-Wallis test).