Table 5.

Comparison of perioperative outcomes between hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy and open esophagectomy groups

Perioperative outcomes	SMD and 95%CI		P value
Lymph node yield	Total HMIE vs OE	0.11 (-0.08, 0.30)	0.26
	HMIE with A vs OE	0.19 (-0.00, 0.37)	0.05
Blood loss	Total HMIE vs OE	-0.43 (-0.66, -0.20)	0.0002
	HMIE with A vs OE	-0.51 (-0.74, -0.27)	<0.0001
Operative time	Total HMIE vs OE	0.24 (-0.14, 0.61)	0.22
	HMIE with A vs OE	0.1 (-0.33, 0.52)	0.65

A: Laparoscopy and thoracotomy; SMD: Standard mean difference; CI: Confidence interval; HMIE; Hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy; OE: Open esophagectomy.