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. 2019 Nov 15;11(11):1054–1064. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i11.1054

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©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Flow diagram for screening and grouping of study subjects. L-EFTR: Ligation-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection; S-EFTR: Snare-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection; E-EFTR: Endoscopic submucosal dissection-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection; MP: Muscularis propria.