Table 5. Seasonal distribution of causative agents (n = 257) detected in diarrheal Korean native calves (n = 164).
| Causative agents | Spring (Mar–May) | Summer (Jun–Aug) | Fall (Sep–Nov) | Winter (Dec–Feb) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rotavirus | 33 (20.1) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (3.7) | 16 (9.8) | 0.017 |
| Coronavirus | 5 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (4.3) | 0.250 |
| BVDV | 3 (1.8) | 4 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (4.3) | 0.061 |
| Adenovirus | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.417 |
| Parvovirus | 4 (2.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.4) | 0.745 |
| Kobuvirus | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.2) | 0.143 |
| Norovirus | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.7) | 0.058 |
| Torovirus | 5 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (2.4) | 0.361 |
| E. coli | 20 (12.2) | 6 (3.7) | 3 (1.8) | 7 (4.3) | 0.310 |
| Salmonella spp. | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.090 |
| C. difficile | 7 (4.3) | 3 (1.8) | 5 (3.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.001 |
| Eimeria spp. | 19 (11.6) | 10 (6.1) | 4 (2.4) | 19 (11.6) | 0.270 |
| Cryptosporidium spp. | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 8 (4.9) | 0.059 |
| Giardia spp. | 9 (5.5) | 2 (1.2) | 3 (1.8) | 9 (5.5) | 0.570 |
| Total | 109 (66.5) | 32 (16.5) | 26 (8.5) | 90 (54.9) |
Values are presented as number of patients (%). The χ2 test was used to analyse the differences in the prevalence of diarrhea caused by each causative agent across seasons.
BVDV, bovine viral diarrhea virus.