Table 1. Three-dimensional linear displacement of teeth.

Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

Anteroposterior displacement: (+) posterior movement, (−) anterior movement; Lateral displacement: (+) medial movement, (−) lateral movement; Vertical displacement: (+) intrusion, (−) extrusion.

The paired t-test was performed to assess the difference between measurements at T0 and T1.

T0, Pre-treatment; T1, post-treatment; U1, maxillary central incisor; U3, maxillary canine; U5, maxillary second premolar; U6, maxillary first molar; U7, maxillary second molar.

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.