Table 2. Three-dimensional angular displacement of teeth and the occlusal plane.

Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

Inclination: (+) labioversion or buccoversion, (−) palatoversion; Angulation: (+) distal crown tipping, (−) mesial crown tipping; Rotation: (+) distal-in rotation, (−) mesial-in rotation; Occlusal plane angle: (+) counter-clockwise rotation, (−) clockwise rotation; OP diff (POP – AOP): (+) reduced angular difference between the AOP and POP angles, (−) increased angular difference between the AOP and POP angles.

The paired t-test was performed to assess the difference between measurements at T0 and T1.

T0, Pre-treatment; T1, post-treatment; U1, maxillary central incisor; U3, maxillary canine; U5, maxillary second premolar; U6, maxillary first molar; U7, maxillary second molar; AOP, anterior occlusal plane; POP, posterior occlusal plane; OP diff, posterior occlusal plane angle minus anterior occlusal plane angle.

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.