Table 7.
Comparison of available studies in concentrations of trace elements in biological samples of non exposed healthy participants of different countries.
| Authors et al., Year | Cu | Fe | Zn | --------- | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scalp hair (μg/g) | |||||
| Wojciak et al 2004 [78] | 10–20 | 10–20 | 160–200 | M&F | Poland |
| Osman 2010 [79] | 12.5 | 217.8 | 200.6 | M | Sudan |
| 11.9 | 313.6 | 228.6 | F | ||
| De Prisco et al., 2010 [80] | 14.23 | 7.7 | 245.59 | M | Italy |
| 14.94 | 6.96 | 188.52 | F | ||
| Suliburska, 2011 [85] | 25.8 ± 19.4 | 22.1 ± 10.5 | 257 ± 87.8 | 19-30 | Poland |
| 17.6 ± 4.15 | 16.8 ± 8.21 | 249 ± 83.9 | 41-50 | Poland | |
| Czerny 2014 [92] | 13.1 ± 3.12 | 14.8 ± 3.06 | 141 ± 32.1 | F | Poland |
| Afridi et al 2011[81] | 12.8 ± 1.0 | 39.8 ± 1.7 | 231 ± 16.7 | M | Pakistan |
| Khuder et al., 2014 [82] | 15.5 | 35.2 | 218 | M | Syria |
| Ahmad et al., 2011 [83] | 18.0 ± 0.55 | 22.8 ± 1.81 | 175 ± 11.5 | F + M | India |
| Pasha et al., 2010 [84] | 21.1 ± 5.73 | 66.3 ± 40.7 | 140.7 ± 79.48 | F + M | Pakistan |
| Blood (mg/l) | |||||
| Khan 1995 [86] | 1.35 | 9.28 | M | Pakistan | |
| 1.38 | 4.35 | F | |||
| Afridi et al., 2011 [81] | 2.2 ± 0.3 1.76-2.57 | 785 ± 817 702- 870 | 8.16 ± 0.83 7.24 - 9.07 | M + F | Pakistan |
| Serum (mg/l) | |||||
| Edem et al., 2015 [51] | 1.05 ± 0.25 | 1.094 ± 0.18 | 0.81 ± 0.22 | Tuberculosis | Nigeria |
| 1.604 ± 0.252 | 1.432 ± 0.59 | 1.483 ± 0.32 | Control | ||
| Lombardo 2011 [87] | 1.666 ± 0.283 | 0.770 ± 0.15 | Control | South Africa | |
| 1.733 ± 0.365 | 0.595 ± 0.11 | Tuberculosis | |||
| Pourfallah et al., 2009 [69] | 1.27 ± 0.134 | 1.43 ± 0.54 | 1.26 ± 0.402 | Control | Iran |
| Festus et al., 2016 [74] | 1.135 ± 0.771 | 1.222 ± 0.204 | Control | Nigeria | |
| 1.348 ± 0.78 | 0.843 ± 0.12 | Subjects M | |||
| 1.35 ± 0.79 | 0.890 ± 0.84 | Subjects F | |||
| Sputum (μg/l) | |||||
| Gray et al 2010 [88] μg/L |
8.6 (3-16.4) | 13.5 (8.6-21.5) | 153.5 (104-256) | Control | England |
| 15.2 (8.6-29.5) | 30.0 (6.9-35.3) | 12.7 (7.2-41.4) | Asthma | ||
| 15.2 (12.2-22) | 21.3 (3.1-35.6) | 25.4 (9.8-50.7) | COPD | ||
| 19.5 (14.5-30.1) | 56.9 (24.3-115.3) | 13.53 (5.42-20.96) | CF | ||
| 15.7 (10.9-33.3) | 54.2 (22.791.6) | 11.13 (4.1-15.07) | Bronchiectasis | ||
| Saliva (μg/l) | |||||
| Liu et al., 2007 [46] | 97.4 ± 33.6 (70-170) | 0.217 ± 0.226 (0.15-0.25) | 31.39 ± 4.49 (23-38) | controls | India |
| Herman et al 2016 [89] | 81.0 ± 29 | 0.688±0.311 | 67.0±58.9 | Male referents | Poland |
| 60 ± 51 | 0.767 ± 0.547 | 46.7±32.1 | Female referents | ||
| Checherita et al., 2016 [90] | 609.3±62.6 | 23.93 ± 8.32 | Controls | Romania | |
| 10.06-47.02 | |||||
| 450.4-740.6 | |||||