1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
4Geriatric Behavioral Health Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
5National Institute of Neurological Disorders, Bethesda, MD, USA
6Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
7Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
8Department of Anaesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
9Department of Medicine, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
10Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
11Aging Brain Center at the Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess, Boston, MA, USA
12Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
13Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
14Departments of Clinical and Health Psychology, Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
15Departments of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
∗Corresponding author. stacie.deiner@mountsinai.org