. 2019 Nov 28;14:273. doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1225-z

Table 3.

Pearson r correlations between Phe measures taken at different points in time and adult cognitive performance (N participants = 51–56; N tasks = 16). Significant correlations are in bold. ^a = significant <.05; ^b significant <.01. To facilitate interpretation, positive correlations always indicate that high Phe was associated with worse performance. Thus, for IQ, digit span, Corsi span, and semantic fluency correlations were reversed

PHE		Visual attention speed				Visuo Motor coordination		EF /Monitoring					Sustained	Learning and memory
	FSIQ	Simple	Detection	Feature	Conjunction	Peg-	Digit	WCST	TMT	Digit	Corsi	Semantic	Attention	Rey	Rey	Paired Associate
		RT	with distractors RT	Search RT	Search RT	board	Symbol	Total errors	B-A	span	Span	Fluency	RVP %	a1-a5	delayed	Visual learning
0–10 yrs
Average	.20	.22	.30^a	.33^a	.34^a	.18	.18	.09	.28^a	.12	−.02	.28	.12	.06	.07	.34^a
SD	.43^b	.43^b	.56^b	.41^b	.44^b	.40^b	.15	.19	.47^b	.37^a	.06	.25	.31^a	.35^a	.36^a	.53^b
11–16 yrs
Average	.32^a	.14	.18	.33^a	.27	.28^a	.27	.32^a	.22	.11	.09	.34^a	.32^a	.17	.14	.60^b
SD	.40^b	.16	.25	.25	.20	.40^b	−.03	.21	.27	.30^a	−.06	.42^b	.32^a	.07	.11	.42^b
17 yr to now
Average	.42^b	.05	.29^a	.35^a	.32^a	.24	.35^a	.31^a	.43^b	.10	.05	.21	.38^b	.28	.29^a	.44^b
SD	.47^b	.06	.26	.23	.15	.33^a	.00	.26	.54^b	.12	−0.1	.27^a	.37^b	−.03	.06	.23
Lifetime
Average	.23	.13	.27	.40^b	.40^b	.18	0.28	.29^a	.28^a	.01	.04	.16	.19	.12	.12	.40^b
SD	.56^b	.23	.43^b	.29^a	.24	.39^b	0.07	.28^a	.47^b	.26	−0.04	.29^a	.40^b	.21	.29^a	.48^b
Current	.43^b	.00	0.16	.09	.09	.26	.34^a	.22	.55^b	.05	−0.11	.17	.42^b	.34^a	.39^b	.33^a

Note. Correlations have been carried out using z scores. For the English PKU sample the number of participants and available Phe measures is slightly different across tests (range 31–37 participants), this means that the same value of r may have different probabilities