Table 5.

Factors associated with common mental disorder during pregnancy in participants in Bale Zone South East Ethiopia, 2017

Variables	CMD		Crude OR with 95% CI	Adjusted OR with 95% CI
	Yes	No
Educational status
Unable to read and write	57	48	2.87 (1.56–5.29)	2.06 (1.05–4.04)*
Read and write	49	91	1.30 (0.68–2.47)	1.30 (0.68–2.47)
Primary school	75	145	1.25 (0.72–2.17)	1.06 (0.58–1.93)
Secondary school	61	135	1.09 (0.62–1.92)	0.92 (0.50–1.69)
Diploma and above	24	58	1.00	1.00
History of abortion
Yes	47	46	2.01 (1.30–3.12)	1.34 (0.80–2.34)
No	219	431	1.00	1.00
History of pregnancy complication in past
Yes	65	58	2.34 (1.58–3.46)	1.56 (0.99–2.34)
No	201	419	1.00	1.00
Health risk
Yes	222	457	4.65 (2.61–8.27)	2.94 (1.53–5.66)**
No	41	18	1.00	1.00
Loss of loved one
Yes	23	18	2.41 (1.28–4.56)	1.93 (0.94–3.88)
No	243	459	1.00	1.00
Financial stress / instability
Yes	65	42	3.35 (2.20–5.11)	1.72 (1.06–2.82)*
No	201	435	1.00	1.00
Relationship problem
Yes	36	24	2.36 (1.48–3.76)	1.97 (0.98–3.66)
No	230	453	1.00	1.00
Ever physically or emotionally abused
Yes	51	26	4.12 (2.50–6.78)	2.40 (1.36–4.24)**
No	215	451	1.00	1.00
Forced sexual activities in last one year
Yes	24	10	4.63 (2.18–9.84)	3.85 (1.67–8.88)**
No	242	467	1.00	1.00
Husbands support
Stronger	125	288	1.00	1.00
Moderate	92	164	1.29 (0.93–1.80)	0.93 (0.64–1.35)
Poor	49	25	4.52 (2.67–7.64)	1.07 (0.58–3.89)
Practical family support
Yes	172	381	1.00	1.00
No	94	96	2.17 (1.55–3.04)	1.47 (0.98–2.21)
Family history of psychiatric illness
Yes	38	20	3.81 (2.17–6.70)	3.14 (1.66–5.94)**
No	228	457	1.00	1.00
History of chronic medical illness
Yes	28	17	3.18 (1.71–5.93)	3.26 (1.64–6.48)**
No	238	460	1.00	1.00

Note: *p value is significant at p < 0.05 **p value is significant at p < 0.01 1.00 = Reference for category