Table 4.
Weighted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) of Airflow Obstruction and Restrictive Pattern, Defined Based on the Lower Limit of Normal (LLN), by Urinary Arsenic Concentration (N = 2132)
| Inorganic Plus Methylated Arsenic Species μg/g creatinine | P-trendd | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 ≤7.0e |
Tertile 2 7.1–13.9e |
Tertile 3 ≥14.0e |
75th vs. 25th Percentilef | ||
| Airflow obstructiona/Healthyc | 47/773 | 57/626 | 47/435 | 151/1834 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.58) | 1.64 (1.16, 2.34) | 1.47 (1.17, 1.88) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.11 (0.80, 1.53) | 1.50 (1.05, 2.15) | 1.38 (1.09, 1.76) | 0.007 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.08 (0.78, 1.50) | 1.36 (0.94, 1.97) | 1.28 (1.02, 1.60) | 0.03 |
| Model 4 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.49) | 1.33 (0.92, 1.93) | 1.26 (1.01, 1.59) | 0.04 |
| Restrictive patternb/ Healthyc | 62/773 | 42/626 | 43/435 | 147/1834 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.26) | 1.45 (0.91, 2.30) | 1.33 (1.00, 1.76) | 0.05 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.26) | 1.41 (0.88, 2.25) | 1.30 (0.98, 1.74) | 0.07 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.86 (0.58, 1.28) | 1.42 (0.88, 2.28) | 1.33 (0.90, 1.50) | 0.06 |
| Model 4 | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.83 (0.56, 1.23) | 1.23 (0.76, 2.00) | 1.21 (0.90, 1.64) | 0.22 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, education, site
Model 2: further adjusted for smoking status and smoking pack-year
Model 3: further adjusted for eGFR, tuberculosis, and BMI
Model 4: sensitivity analysis: further adjusted for diabetes
aAirflow obstruction: FEV1/FVC < LLN
bRestrictive pattern: FEV1/FVC > LLN & FVC < LLN
cHealthy: FEV1/FVC > LLN and FVC > LLN
dP-trend calculated modeling log-arsenic as continuous
eTertiles are range; calculated based on overall population; sum of iAs, MMA, DMA μg/g creatinine
fComparison of the 75th and 25th percentiles (interquartile range) of urinary arsenic concentrations (16.7 vs. 5.8 μg/g creatinine)