Table 1.
Study population characteristics (1.a) Age distribution occupation and antibiotic use, (1.b) direct environmental characteristics of households
| 1.a | |||
| Variables | No. (%) | ||
| Resident (n = 359) | Enrolled (n = 265) | Resistome analysis (n = 93) | |
| Age group (years) (Mean + SD) | 32.1 ± 19.2 | 32.4 ± 19.6 | 29.4 ± 18.9 |
| 0 to 11 | 61 (17.0) | 54 (20.4) | 23 (25) |
| 12 to 18 | 52 (14.5) | 39 (14.7) | 12 (13) |
| 19 to 55 | 192 (53.5) | 133 (50.2) | 50 (54) |
| > 56 | 54 (15.0) | 39 (14.7) | 8 (9.0) |
| Male sex | 170 (47.4) | 117 (44.5) | 38 (41) |
| Occupation | |||
| Farmer | 154 (42.9) | 115 (43.0) | 36 (39) |
| Health care staff | 6 (1.7) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) |
| Worker | 36 (10.0) | 23 (8.7) | 10 (11) |
| Others (teacher, engineer, accountant, etc) | 47 (13.1) | 28 (10.6) | 13 (11) |
| Antibiotic use during 6 months follow up | |||
| Yes | 97 (27.0) | 93 (35.1) | 39 (42) |
| Beta lactam (amoxicillin, cefepime, cefexime, cephalexin, penicillin) | 88 (90.7) | 84 (90.3) | 39 (100) |
| 1.b | |||
| Variables | No. (%) | ||
| Number of HH (n = 80) | HHs in resistome analysis (n = 40) | ||
| Main water | |||
| Rain water | 75 (94) | 38 (95) | |
| Drain well water | 74 (93) | 36 (90) | |
| Cleaned water | 5 (6) | 2 (5) | |
| River water | 16 (20) | 6 (15) | |
| Domestic animal | |||
| Chicken | 56 (70) | 27 (68) | |
| Dog | 63 (79) | 31 (78) | |
| Pig | 9 (11) | 5 (12) | |
| Other (cow, duck, goose, bird, etc) | 62 (78) | ||
| Origin of fertilizer used for vegetable culture | |||
| Human | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Animal | 13 (16) | 8 (20) | |
| Chemical | 27 (34) | 14 (35) | |