Table 9.
Published experimental studies detailing BM-MSCs post-thaw paracrine function
| Study | Species | Results post-thaw | Method of assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immunomodulatory potential | |||
| Human | |||
| Zhao et al. [94] | Human (with chronic myeloid leukaemia) | No effect on immunomodulatory potential | Mixed leukocyte reaction inc. T-cell proliferation |
| François et al. [45] | Human | Impaired inhibition of proliferation of activated T cells; low IDO protein expression in response to INF-γ stimulation; up-regulation of heat shock proteins | T-cell proliferation assay (CD3/CD28); Western blot IDO; RT-qPCR IDO, CCL2, IL-6 |
| Holubova et al. [69] | Human | No effect on immunomodulatory potential | T-cell proliferation (PHA) |
| Moll et al. [38] | Human | Impaired immunomodulatory properties | RT-qPCR IDO, IL-6; Western blot IDO; Instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) |
| Luetzkendorf et al. [40] | Human | No effect on immunomodulatory potential | Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (PHA) |
| Chinnadurai et al. [68] | Human | Freeze-thawing attenuates immunosuppressive properties of human MSC independent of freezing methods or freezing media; Thawed MSC can suppress T-cell proliferation in the absence of cell contact; IFNɣ pre-licensing prior to cryopreservation enhances thawed MSC’s immunosuppressive properties | Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (CD3/CD28 & SEB); RT-qPCR IDO, Hsp |
| Gramlich et al. [18] | Human | No effect on immunomodulatory potential | Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (CD3/CD28); IDO activity assay (kynurenine) |
| Lechanteur et al. [34] | Human | Impaired immunomodulatory properties | Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (CD3/CD28); IDO activity assay (kynurenine) |
| Angiogenesis potential | |||
| Human | |||
| Haack-Sorensen et al. [19] | Human | No effect on the capacity of MSC to differentiate into endothelial cells; Retained VEGF responsiveness | In vitro angiogenesis; RT-qPCR, KDR, vWF, INSIG |
| Growth factor secretion | |||
| Human | |||
| Gramlich et al. [18] | Human | Small changes in growth factor secretion between fresh and cryopreserved cells | Human antibody-mediated growth factor array |
Summary of the effects of cryopreservation on bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell paracrine function are presented in this table. For further details on the cryopreservation experimental details refer to either Table 1 or Additional file 2 which provide the individual freezing protocols outlined in the extracted papers alongside the concentration and passage of cells at the point of cryopreservation and the process of thawing