Table 4.

Proenkephalin A 119–159 (penKid) for prediction of multi-organ failure and 28-day all-cause mortality

	All patients (n = 588)	P-value	Quartile 1 (n = 147)	Quartile 2 (n = 147)	Quartile 3 (n = 147)	Quartile 4 (n = 147)	P for trend
aSevere Multi-Organ Failure
bN events (% of total)	33 (5.6%)		1 (0.7%)	2 (1.4%)	6 (4.1%)	24 (16.3%)
cOR (95% CI)	3.6 (2.5–5.3)	< 0.001	Reference	2.1 (0.2–23.0)	6.5 (0.8–55.2)	29.9 (3.8–235.3)	< 0.001
28-Day All-Cause Mortality
N events (% of total)	50 (8.5%)		5 (3.4%)	10 (6.8%)	13 (8.8%)	22 (15.0%)
OR (95% CI)	1.5 (1.1–2.0)	=0.009	Reference	1.3 (0.4–4.0)	1.5 (0.5–4.6)	2.2 (0.8–6.5)	=0.079

^aSevere multi-organ failure defined as > 4 organ systems failing. Organ failure constitutes seven categories: [1] central nervous system, [2] circulatory failure, [3] respiratory failure, [4] kidney failure, [5] liver failure, [6] coagulopathy, [7] metabolic dysfunction. ^bN events (% of total) refers to the number of participants (proportion of total number participants) for each respective endpoint. ^cOR (95% CI) are expressed per one standard deviation (SD) increment of log-transformed penKid and in analyses of quartiles the lowest quartile (quartile 1) was defined as the reference category and the OR (95% CI) for each of quartiles 2, 3 and 4 were compared with the reference quartile. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex and eGFR calculated through the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study [18] formula