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. 2019 Nov 28;20:256. doi: 10.1186/s13059-019-1888-8

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Three scenarios for the relationship between columbine tetraploidy and core eudicot “gamma” hexaploidy. The gamma hexaploidy is a two-step process: a single round of WGD creates tetraploids (4n) whose unreduced gametes then fuse with diploid gametes (+2n). Scenario 1: gamma hexaploidy precedes the split between columbine and core eudicots, with the former undergoing an additional tetraploidy. Scenario 2: both gamma hexaploidy and columbine tetraploidy occur after the split between columbines and core eudicots. Scenario 3: columbine tetraploidy is derived from the ancient tetraploidy which was the first step of the process leading to gamma hexaploidy