Table 4.

Key articles comparing optical coherence tomography and histopathology.

Tumor type	Year	Type	Main findings	Correlation with histopathology findings	Sample size
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (21)	2014	High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT)	Lobulated nodules, peripheral rimming, epidermal disarray	Peripheral rimming in HD-OCT correlates with peritumoral mucin deposition	25 cases of BCC
BCC (22)	2016	Dynamic OCT enables the detection of blood flow in vivo and visualization of the skin microvasculature	Blood vessels varied from dilated, larger-than normal vessels to the smallest detectable vessels	Loose and more vascularized dermis between tumor nests	1 patient with BCC on the cheek
BCC, Melanoma (20)	2018	Line-field confocal OCT	BCC: lobulated structures within the dermis, dark cleft due to mucin deposition; melanoma: general architectural disarrangement, disruption of the dermal-epidermal junction, pagetoid spread of atypical melanocytes	BCC and melanoma approximate shapes observed in OCT appeared similar histopathologically	2 patients with BCC 2 patients with melanoma
Actinic keratosis (AK), Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (23)	2015	HD-OCT	Absence of an outlined dermo-epidermal junction on cross-sectional images allowed discriminating SCC from AK and normal skin	It related to irregular budding of the epidermis outstanding into the upper dermis and/or presence of periadenexal collars penetrating through the dermo-epidermal junction	37 cases of AK 16 cases of SCC