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. 2019 Nov 22;10:2514. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02514

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Copyright © 2019 Ma, Zhang, Gai, Sun, Chung and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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AaSte12 is indispensable for virulence of A. alternata to the citrus. Fungal strains: Z7 (wild type), ΔSte12, and cpSte12 (complementation strain) were grown on PDA for 4 days. (A) Fungal pathogenicity was assayed on detached Dancy leaves (n = 10) by tooth-pick transferring agar plugs carrying fungal propagules to leaf surface (unwounded). Necrotic lesions were recorded at 2 dpi. (B) Pathogenicity was also assayed on Dancy leaves that were wounded with a fine needle before inoculation. (C) A leaf necrosis assay for the toxicity of ACT toxin by placing 10 μl extracts purified from cultural filtrates of fungal strains on detached Dancy leaves that were wounded before treatment. Leaves treated with agar plugs without fungi or methanol were used as mock controls (not shown). Leaves were kept in a plastic box for lesion development.