Fig. 4.

Conventional CD4+ T cells from adults with trisomy 21 are polarized toward the Th1 and Th1-like Th17 states. Fresh PBMCs from individuals with and without DS were stained and analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Scatter plots showing the frequencies of cells expressing the indicated chemokine receptor combinations among CD4+ Tconv cells (n = 12 D21; n = 10 T21). (B) Volcano plot showing fold changes (log2 T21 over D21) and P values (log10) for cytokines produced by CD4+ Tconv cells after being stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 detected by MSD. Vertical dashed line represents the no-change midline. Horizontal dashed line represents P value of 0.05 as calculated by Student t test. (C) Box and whisker plots showing the levels (log₂ concentration) of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-22, and MIP-3α in plasma of individuals with and without T21 (n = 54 D21; n = 74 T21) measured by MSD. Data in A are shown as mean ± SEM with significance determined by 2-way ANOVA with Sidak’s posttest; data in B and C are shown as mean ± SEM with significance determined by unpaired t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.