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. 2019 Nov 11;116(48):24174–24183. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907068116

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Parallel coevolution of optix CREs between comimics H. erato and H. melpomene. (A) ATAC-seq comparison between radiate and postman morphs of H. melpomene show that U1, U2, obs132, and obs214 are conserved between H. erato and H. melpomene. Conserved optix CREs mark loci of SNP association with radiate patterns in the H. melpomene clade (red bars) and fall within loci associated with the introgression of radiate morphology from H. melpomene into H. timareta (pink bars). Gray boxes denote alignable DNA sequence conservation; green boxes shows presumptive functional conservation based on conserved flanking DNA sequences. (B) Trimmed phylogeny showing evolutionary relationships between H. erato, H. melpomene, and outgroup species D. iulia. (C) Mutant individual for obs214m shows clonal loss of the forewing and hindwing red subelements similar to H. erato mutants for obs214. (D) Deep conservation of U1, U2, obs132, and obs214 CREs provides additional evidence for parallel evolution between H. erato and H. melpomene via remodeling of ancestral regulatory elements.