Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristics | Score |
|---|---|
| Gender, male/female, n | 54/1 |
| Age (years) | 68.2±7.9 |
| ≤59 | 10.9 (6) |
| 60–69 | 27.3 (15) |
| 70–79 | 50.9 (28) |
| ≥80 | 10.9 (6) |
| Smoking status | |
| Current smoking | 16.4 (9) |
| Former smoking | 80.0 (44) |
| Never smoking | 3.6 (2) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4±3.4 |
| Spirometric value (post-bronchodilator) | |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 64.3±14.5 |
| FEV1/FVC | 59.8±13.7 |
| mMRC dyspnea scale score | 1.2±0.9 |
| Highest level of education complete | |
| Primary school or lower | 38.2 (21) |
| Middle school | 14.5 (8) |
| High school | 20.0 (11) |
| College | 27.3 (15) |
| Underlying disease | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 9.1 (5) |
| Heart failure | 1.8 (1) |
| Hypertension | 38.2 (21) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23.6 (13) |
| Time since COPD diagnosis (years) | 3.5±3.7 |
Note: Data are presented as mean±SD and percentage (number) unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.