Figure 2.

Total gelatinolytic activities are increased in vapers’ BAL. Gelatinolytic activity was measured in BAL samples by zymography. (A) Inverted image of representative zymogram showing increased MMP (matrix metalloprotease) activity in smokers’ and vapers’ BAL samples. (B) Quantification of gelatinolytic activity by MMP, shown as log₂ fold change, compared with age-matched nonsmokers. Individual activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are shown in Figure E4. **P ≤ 0.001. Pink, female subjects; blue, male subjects. Data are shown as mean ± SD. All n = 14 subjects per group. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.