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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Immunol. 2019 Jun;43:101282. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101282

Figure 1: Conceptual Diagram of type I IFN Induction by Nucleic Acid Sensors and the cellular response to IFN.

Figure 1:

Left) RNA and DNA sentinel receptors (TLRs, RLR, and cGAS) bind nucleic acids and mediate signals that stimulate ubiquitin E3 ligases (UbE3L) and kinases to activate latent transcription factors such as NFκB and IRF3. Type I IFN genes are induced and IFN proteins are secreted. Right) IFN binding to specific receptors activates latent JAKs and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. Phosphorylation promotes dimerization and the specific DNA-binding ability of the STAT1/STAT2/IRF9 complex that induces expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some of the negative regulators of IFN induction and response are highlighted in red text.