Table 1.
Major randomized controlled trials of intensive glucose control
| Characteristic | UKPDS39 40 | ACCORD41 | ADVANCE42 43 | VADT44 45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 53.3 | 62.2 | 66 | 60.4 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | Newly diagnosed | 10 (median) | 8 (mean) | 11.5 (mean) |
| Achieved HbA1c
(intensive v standard) |
7.9% v 7.0% | 7.5% v 6.4% | 7.3% v 6.5% | 8.4% v 6.9% |
| Trial follow-up time, years | 10 | 3.5 | 5 | 5 |
| Within trial findings | Mortality: RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.10) | Mortality: HR 1.22 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.46) | Mortality: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.06) | Mortality: HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.42) |
| Microvascular complications: RR 0.75 (0.60 to 0.93) | Primary outcome (non-fatal and fatal cardiovascular disease): HR 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04) | Microvascular complications: HR 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97) | Cardiovascular events: HR 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) | |
| Myocardial infarction: RR 0.84 (0.71 to 1.00) | Non-fatal myocardial infarction: HR 0.76 (0.62 to 0.92) | Macrovascular complications: HR 0.94 (0.84 to 1.06) | ||
| Post-trial follow-up time | 10 years | 0.2 years of additional intervention period; 1.2 years | 6 years | 5 years |
| Post-trial follow-up findings | Mortality: RR 0.87 (0.79 to 0.96) | Mortality: HR 1.19 (1.03 to 1.38) | Mortality: HR 1.00 (0.92 to 1.08)) | Mortality: HR 1.05 (0.89 to 1.25) |
| Microvascular complications: RR 0.76 (0.64 to 0.89) | Primary outcome (non-fatal and fatal cardiovascular disease): HR 0.91 (0.81 to 1.03) | Microvascular complications: HR 0.92 (0.80 to 1.05) | Cardiovascular events: HR 0.83 (0.70 to 0.99) | |
| Myocardial infarction: RR 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) | Non-fatal myocardial infarction: HR 0.82 (0.70 to 0.96) | Macrovascular complications: HR 1.00 (0.92 to 1.08) |
HR=hazard ratio; RR=relative risk.