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. 2019 Nov 29;9:18012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54537-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Alere Determine LAM Ag test (LAM-test) performed in M.tb H₃₇R_v, H₃₇R_a, Erdman (Erd) or HN878 LAM-spiked urine treated with α-mannosidase to remove the mannose-caps of LAM. (B) A quick α-mannosidase treatment step for LAM-spiked urine (from two different M.tb strains, H₃₇R_v (upper graph) and HN878 (lower graph) allows the detection of this molecule in urine by the LAM-test at lower concentrations. (C) Lactase and caseinase treatment of LAM-spiked milk also allows the detection of this molecule in milk by the LAM-test at lower concentrations. Student’s t test, treatment vs. non-treatment, n = 3–6, using LAM-spiked urine/milk from different human/animal donors; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005.