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. 2019 Nov 29;9:17979. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54262-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene transfection methods via electroporation, in WT mice. (A) Schematic of the electroporation conditions of monophasic (M-) pulses. (B) Schematic of the electroporation conditions of biphasic (B-) pulses. (C) The graph shows survival and EGFP expression (number of animals who had EGFP expression in treated animals) rate of E 13.5 treated mice in M and B-treated mice. X-axis represents total energy (10⁻³ J) in different electroporation settings. (D) Sectional images at E 13.5 of control (a,b), M-treated group (c and d), and B-treated group (e and f). The arrows show unilateral EGFP expression of the treated cochlear epithelium in the M-treated group (c), and the arrowheads indicate EGFP expression of the whole treated cochlear epithelium in the B-treated group (e). Scale bar indicates 50 μm.