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. 2019 Nov 29;10:5442. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13384-y

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Fig. 1 — Queuosine and archeosine synthesis pathways. preQ₀ is synthesized from GTP in both bacteria and archaea through FolE, QueD, QueE, and QueC, as shown. In most bacteria, four more enzymatic steps lead to the insertion of Q in tRNAs at position 34 (blue dashed square). In archaea, preQ₀ is transferred to position 15 of tRNA before being modified to G⁺ (red dashed square). The bases found in phage DNA in this study are in red. Molecule abbreviations: guanosine tri-phosphate (GTP), dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H₂NTP), 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (CPH₄), 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine (CDG), 7-amido-7-deazaguanine (ADG), 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ₀), 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ₁), queuosine (Q), and archaeaosine (G⁺).