Table 2:
Descriptive summary of study variables by race (N= 396)
| Variables |
White (n=134) M (SD) or N (%) |
African American (n=131) M (SD) or N (%) |
Latino (n=131) M (SD) or N (%) |
Statistical test valuea |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | |||||
| Internalised sexual stigma | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.5)* | 1.5 (0.6)* | 5.9 | 0.003 |
| Anticipated stigma | 1.7 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.8)* | 2.2 (0.8)* | 23.2 | <0.001 |
| Enacted stigma | 2.3 (0.5) | 2.5 (0.6)* | 2.5 (0.7)* | 4.3 | 0.014 |
| Covariates | |||||
| General stress (yes) | 85 (63.4) | 106 (80.9)* | 116 (88.6)* | 25.3 | <0.001 |
| Drug/alcohol abuse | |||||
| Alcohol abuse (yes) | 23 (17.4) | 15 (11.7) | 20 (15.6) | 1.7 | 0.42 |
| Drug abuse (yes) | 19 (14.4) | 19 (14.8) | 24 (18.7) | 1.1 | 0.57 |
| Nicotine dependence (yes) | 20 (15.2) | 9 (7.0) | 26 (20.3)† | 9.4 | 0.009 |
| Socio-demographic | |||||
| Gender | 0.13 | 0.93 | |||
| Male | 67 (50.0) | 67 (51.2) | 64 (48.8) | ||
| Female | 67 (50.0) | 64 (48.8) | 67 (51.2) | ||
| Age | 2.2 | 0.70 | |||
| <30 | 67 (50.0) | 66 (50.4) | 63 (48.1) | ||
| 31-40 | 38 (28.4) | 44 (33.6) | 39 (29.8) | ||
| >40 | 29 (21.6) | 21 (16.0) | 29 (22.1) | ||
| Immigration status | 10.7 | 0.005 | |||
| Born in USA | 116 (86.6) | 115 (87.8) | 97 (74.1)** | ||
| Born outside USA | 18 (13.4) | 16 (12.2) | 34 (25.6) | ||
| Grew up in NYC | 74.1 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 28 (20.9) | 90 (68.7)* | 84 (64.1)* | ||
| No (Moved to NYC) | 106 (79.1) | 41 (31.3) | 47 (35.9) | ||
| Education | 8 (2) | 6 (2)* | 6 (2)* | <0.001 | |
| Income (K$) | 30 (5.2) | 20 (8.5)* | 19 (7.7)* | <0.001 | |
| Socioeconomic status (SES) | 0.48 (0.6) | −0.23 (1) | −0.26 (1) | <0.001 | |
| Relationship status | 1.9 | 0.39 | |||
| In a relationship | 63 (47.0) | 66 (50.4) | 55 (42.0) | ||
| Not in a relationship | 71 (53.0) | 65 (49.6) | 76 (58.0) | ||
| Parental status | 31.5 | <0.001 | |||
| Has children | 4 (3.0) | 37 (28.2)* | 28 (21.4)* | ||
| No children | 130 (97.0) | 94 (71.8) | 103 (78.6) | ||
| Employment status | 0.9 | 0.65 | |||
| Employed | 83 (61.9) | 76 (58.0) | 74 (56.5) | ||
| Not Employed | 51 (38.1) | 55 (42.0) | 57 (43.5) |
Note. Statistical test value
a
: one-way ANOVA were conducted for continuous variables and Chi Square tests were conducted for categorical variables.
*
Post hoc tests revealed significant differences on these values between all the races with African American and Latino reporting high values of stigma and general stress and low education and income compared to White, significance p<0.05.
**
Post hoc tests revealed significant differences on immigration status between Latino/African American and White.
†
Post hoc tests revealed significant differences only between African American/Latino with Latinos reporting high nicotine dependence, significance p<0.05