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. 2019 Nov 29;21:130. doi: 10.1186/s13058-019-1220-2

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Effects of bone viability on breast cancer metastasis. Eight-week-old female NOD/SCID mice were implanted with femoral bone (mixed, spongy and subchondral) (a), subchondral only (b) or subchondral bone that had been devitalized prior to implantation (c). Four weeks after implantation of bone, all mice received injections of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells into mammary ducts 4 and 9; primary tumour growth and metastasis to human bone implants can be seen in a and b. Histogram (d) represents mean ± SEM of percentage of mice that developed metastases in human bone implants from 3 independent experiments each containing 10 mice/group, statistical significance determined by one-way ANOVA. **p < 0.001; ND, not detected