Table 3.
Risk of bias summary for studies included in this systematic review
| First author | Sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias) | Completeness of outcome data (attrition bias) | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Academic bias | Sponsor bias | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akilen et al. [37] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Sharma et al. [38] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Unclear | High |
| Mirfeizi et al. [39] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
| Jain et al. [40] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Na et al. [18] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Panahi et al. [41] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Mozaffari-Khosravi et al. [19] | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
| Attari et al. [42] | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
| El-Sharkawy et al. [43] | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
| Samadi et al. [44] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
| Gargari et al. [45] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | High | High |
| Ebrahimpour-koujan et al. [46] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | High | High |
| Zarrintan et al. [47] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Widjajakusuma et al. [48] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Soltani et al. [49] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
| Ye et al. [50] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Javidi et al. [51] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Atkin et al. [52] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
| Alizadeh et al. [53] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
| Aziz et al. [54] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | High | High |
| Trimarco et al. [55] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Heshmati et al. [56] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | low | Low | High | High |
| Abutair et al. [57] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Oh et al. [58] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High | High | High |
Low—low risk of bias; Unclear—unclear risk of bias; High—high risk of bias