Summary of findings 2. Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding compared to control. CBAs for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged children aged three months to five years.
| Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding compared to control. CBAs for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged children aged three months to five years | ||||||
| Participant or population: Children aged 3 months to 5 years Settings: Low‐ and middle‐income countries Intervention: Feeding Comparison: Control ‐ CBAs | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of participants in meta‐analyses (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Control ‐ CBA | Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding | |||||
| Weight gain (kg) Follow‐up: 6 months ‐ 1.8 years; average 1 year | Weight change of control group ranged from 0.5 to 3.93 kg | The mean weight gain (kg) in the intervention group was 0.24 higher (0.09 to 0.39 higher) | 1784 (7 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low¹ | ||
| Height gain (cm) Follow‐up: 6 months ‐ 1.8 years; average 1 year | Growth in height of control group ranged from 1.88 to 20.1 cm | The mean height gain (cm) in the intervention group was 0.52 higher but non‐significant (0.07 lower to 1.10 higher) | 1782 (7 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low¹ | ||
| Weight‐for‐age: z‐scores (WAZ) Follow‐up: 9 ‐ 12 months | Change in WAZ in the control group ranged from ‐0.42 to 0.07 | The mean change in WAZ in the intervention group was 0.27 higher (0.13 lower to 0.68 higher) | 999 (4 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low¹ | ||
| Height‐for‐age: z‐scores (HAZ) Follow‐up: 9 ‐ 12 months | Change in HAZ in the control group ranged from ‐0.82 to 0.26 | There was little mean change in HAZ in the intervention group compared to the control group0.01 higher (0.10 lower to 0.12 higher) | 999 (4 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low¹ | ||
| Weight‐ for‐height: z‐scores (WHZ) Follow‐up: 9 ‐ 12 months | Change in WHZ in the control group ranged from ‐0.92 to ‐0.01 | The mean change in WHZ in the intervention group was 0.29 higher (0.11 lower to 0.69 higher) | 999 (4 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low¹ | ||
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1Studies are rated at high risk of bias due to lack of randomisation